Essay on Informative Speech The Pro’s And Con’s Of...

Informative Speech: The Pro’s And Con’s Of Medical Marijuana The purpose of the speech is to inform the audience about the pro’s and con’s of marijuana as well as the medical uses of marijuana . Types of Visuals: Three posters showing what Marijuana is. The pro’s of marijuana and the cons of Marijuana. Introduction: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Marijuana is one of the oldest cultivated plants (Nahas 8). Since it became illegal in 1967, there have been questions of whether or not it is good for purposes, such as medicine, other than being a leisure drug. Debates between pro and con groups for the use of marijuana in the medical profession, have been heated and in recent months, referendums have been pasted in a least three†¦show more content†¦They all contain THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the main active chemical in marijuana. They also contain more than 400 other chemicals. Marijuana’s effects on the user depend on it’s strength or potency, which is related to the amount of THC it contains(5). The THC content of marijuana has been increasing since the 1970s. II.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Medical Uses Of Marijuana A)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cancer Chemotherapy: often causes extreme nausea and vomiting †¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Active ingredient THC reduces vomiting and nausea, B)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AIDS: related wasting Low appetite, loss of lean (muscle) mass †¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Improves appetite C) Pain and Muscle Spasms: Associated with epilepsy and multiple sclerosis †¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Reduces muscle spasms; may ease incontinence of bladder and bowel and relieve depression. C)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Glaucoma: A progressive form of blindness due to increased pressure inside the eyeball †¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When smoked, it reduces pressure within the eye. But it may also reduce Blood flow to the optic nerve, exacerbating the loss of vision III.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pro’s Of Marijuana †¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It has little effect on major physiological functions †¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;No known case of a lethal overdose

Group Behavior Free Essays

Group Behavior In our society today, there is a definitely a lot of categorizing of people going on. Group behavior is one of the larger categories. Many people, especially young people, are left out of many things. We will write a custom essay sample on Group Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now Those who have friends and participate in activities feel like they cannot be themselves. Then you have those people who make everyone else feel badly about who they are. Everyone needs to stop being so judgmental of others and accept people for who they are. We all remember the kids at school who were always chosen on the playground. Maybe a few of us were one of those kids. This sort of thing doesn’t just happen between children. Coaches and Teachers do those things all the time. Two people may have the same skills, but the one who has the family with money to support the school or with the notable last name will be given the position. It is no hard to see why many people have self-esteem issues. Many people with friends still find it hard to be themselves. They fear that they will not be accepted or that they will be looked down upon. Many people feel that to befriends two people have to be the exact same. This is simply not true. Generally speaking, two people with identical personalities will most likely clash. People need to realize that being different is not a bad thing. In life, there are bullies everywhere that we go, ranging from school to the workplace and everywhere in between. These types of people try to make themselves feel better by putting other people down. Perhaps they don’t realize what this does to other people, or maybe they just don’t care. Usually these types of people have self-esteem or self-image issues that they need to take care of themselves. However, there are different and better ways to deal with their own issues. No person has the right to belittle another person in any way. To conclude, everyone should think about the way that they treat other people. They cannot change the things that they have done or said in the past. All that can be done is to change the way that we act now and in the future. There really is no reason for the children in our society to be growing up with the self-esteem issues that they have. Many people are being diagnosed with depression, caused by the way that they have been treated by other people. Placing people into groups is wrong and something needs to be done to change this. Everyone deserves a fair chance in life, so do not be one of these types of people that categorize others. And if you are being placed into agroup, stand your ground and stand up for yourself because chances are, no one else will. How to cite Group Behavior, Papers

Enhancing Customer Value Click-and-Mortar e-Commerce

Question: 1. Begin your discussion by defining the concept of value for the customer. 2. Prepare a literature review, discussing the concept of value as it relates to other concepts including quality, cost, customer service and logistics lead time. Answer: Introduction With the world undergoing globalization the global market place has become a small place. With the time passing by and new kind of technologies have come into the market the market has become highly competitive. In this scenario some of the companies have focused on emphasizing on the marketing aspect, some have focused on innovation and some companies have given paramount importance on developing customer satisfaction and creating value for the customers. Creating value for the customers have helped a lot of companies in this highly competitive market to effectively develop their market position since they have been able provide exactly what the consumers want from them (Cheng Chen, 2009). Value creation is an old concept and there are many traditional companies who still focus on value creation for the consumers in order to grab market shares. It could be said that most of the companies who focus on creating value for the company have been able to make it big in the international market. The companies like Wal-Mart, Marks and Spencer, Tesco Plc, Woolworths Ltd, BHP Billiton all have been very successful and their main focus has always been providing the best solution for the customers and this has helped them to understand the needs and wants of the consumers which have helped them to provide the best to the consumers (Hu et al., 2009). They have been able to enhance customer value and have got fair returns for their effective implementation. In the 21st century survival means winning the hearts of the consumers and creating value which have been done very well by companies mentioned above. Hence it could be said that the central task for the managers is to create and provide value for the stakeholders especially the consumers since they provide the much needed advantage to work in a highly competitive market (Yi Gong, 2013). It is important to mention that value creation is an old concept but enhancing value for the customers is a contemporary concept which is used by many companies nowadays and this is where concepts like operation management, cost, supply chain all come into the picture and hence it could be said that these aspects are directly related to the concept of value as well as enhancing value creation for the customers. Over the years there have been number of researches on customer buying behavior which has indicated that customers have high consideration for value and the company which could create and enhance value for the customers are likely to get better feedback than the other concerns emphasizing on other aspects (Patrcio et al., 2011). Hence it becomes extremely important to understand as well as comprehend the role of components like quality, cost, and customer service and supply chain in enhancing customer value which will help to have clean insight on the concept of value creation and will help to address the objectives of the study successfully. The study will also take an opportunity to discuss the statement put forward by Christopher (2011) about the enhancing customer value through time and place utility of a product which would help to justify the study done successfully (Lai et al., 2009). Woolworths Ltd an Australian company is highly concerned about enhancing customer value and has been working successfully in the Australian market for a long time so this company is used as the case study to address the objectives. Concept of value for the customer Value creation as discussed above is an old concept during the initial age of the market businessmen have concentrated on providing the best possible service to the consumers which will create value for the customers and naturally will increase the sales of the business and even in this contemporary age organizations focus on creating customer value. Many bigger multinational organizations have made creation of customer value their mission statement in order to stick to one path and not to get deviated from their focus. The UK retail Giant Tesco Plc has their vision to be the best in their market through customer satisfaction and the same goes with the Australian retail giant Coles and Woolworths Ltd (Nasution et al., 2011). These companies have taken initiatives to make sure that they are able to provide and create value for the customers. It could be said that there is a huge interest regarding creation and enhancement of value for the customers among the companies working in the p resent market. Since there is an increased interest among the management professionals in order to understand the concept of value creation for consumers many research scholars and professionals have taken up the initiative to decipher the exact meaning of value as a concept (Chang et al., 2009). Even though the rivals in the Australian market Coles have been effective but Woolworths have been consistent with their value creation for the consumers. The emphasize highly on operations especially the customer service part, fixes their prices in a very strategic manner as well as tries to implement their options available regarding offering different products to the consumers effectively. As per the classical theory of management value is something which would be found in almost anything and everything. It could be found in the Chocolate Cappuccino bought from Starbucks outlet or in that 99cent iPhone gaming app purchased from the play store. Hence it could be said that the concept of value is different for different people but customer value could be defined as the value that one individual places on a particular product or service that is offered to them at a given time. The customer value is weighted by measuring the relative value of two similar products given to them at a time and they will always prefer the item with the highest value (Han Ryu, 2009). For instance if one consumer is offered an iPhone and a Windows Phone and is told that both of them have the same specifications and features he might take any one of them and the one he takes is the one he considers having the highest value. Hence it could be said that customer value depends on the perspectives s howed by individuals. Hence often value creation becomes extremely tough for the companies especially in the retail market and this is why Woolworths use different tools to understand the needs and wants of the consumers in order to be effective for the set or the segment of customers it chooses (Flint et al., 2011). In the recent past the Woolworths have not only focused on creating value but they have also focused on enhancing that value for the customers which mainly helps to develop a strong market base for the customers and also helps to create consumer loyalty. The key concepts that have helped to create and enhance customer value for Woolworths are effective customer service, quality of products and services, costs of the products and services, product mix and also effective supply chain of the organization (Hsin Chang Wang, 2011). Value and its key components In the world of sales importance of customer value has unmatchable importance and hence its creation stands to be an arduous task. It could be said that even though most of the companies try all sorts of strategies to create customer value some succeed and some sink without a trace. So, it becomes extremely important not only to understand the components of value but it is also important to understand the relevant components of value which help a company to create customer value and also help to enhance it. What helps to create value for the customers? Building a comprehensive list of aspects is important (Saha Theigei, 2009). But apparently to see, it could be said that with value creation aspects like quality, customer service, price, and logistics lead time are directly related. It is important to mention that these above mentioned aspects are highly relevant to value enhancement for the customers as the customers see value in a quality product, when they are getting it at an aff ordable price, the customer service of the organisation satisfies the customers and it is also easily accessible then only the customer becomes ready to buy it and hence the it could be understood that the company has been able to create value for the customers (Prahalad Ramaswamy, 2011). It could be said through effective value creation the business could retain consumers as well as it can become sustainable for a longer period of time. Fig 1: Dimensions of value Creation (Source: Prahalad Ramaswamy, 2011) Quality: Quality of products is one of the key aspects which help a company to create value for the consumers. It is important to mention that most of the bigger companies in the world tend to invest highly on market research which helps them to understand the needs and wants of the consumers and also to understand the kind of product and their quality the competitors are selling and this helps organizations to make better products. It is a common mindset of the consumers to take better quality product (Ryu et al., 2012). Quality of a product is defined with its performance, features, reliability, durability, aesthetics and perceived quality. Woolworths tries to provide consumers that sort products which fulfill all the above attributes of quality. They will never compromise on quality and this is almost similar for every consumer in the world and hence it could be said that quality is one product which helps consumers to differentiate products and what they feel has more value in re gards to quality will choose that product which makes it very clear that quality is one of the key components which helps to enhance value for the consumers. Quality has been a key aspect for Woolworths over the years and it makes sure that the consumers get effective quality foods and groceries. It also ensures that the overall packaging is perfect and ethical as well which helps to enhance customer value for the company (Adelaar et al., 2004). Cost: Cost is another important attribute. It is a known dictum that consumers are the boss and yes since every company needs consumers to sustain they have to frame their prices accordingly which means keeping the price within the budget of the consumers. For instance there are various kinds of toothbrushes and in different price range consumers will tend to go for the lower or medium prices toothbrushes as all kinds of toothbrushes do the same thing and hence here lower price toothbrush will create value for the consumers. So regulating the cost factor is also a huge aspect in order to enhance customer value. Even though there has been a price war among the retail companies in Australia but Woolworths have been able to regulate its prices for the products effectively and this has helped to retain customers successfully and also created sustainable environment for the business (Woodruff, 1997). Customer Service: In Australia there is a heavy competition in the retail market and Woolworths have got the competitive edge due to its effective and professional customer service. It is a common behavior of the consumers that they prefer to stick to the organization who provide effective reception and good service. Woolworths is focused on providing the best possible customer service in their stores and supermarkets which has been a key aspect for their emergence in the retail market (Cronin et al., 2000). Lead time: One of the major factors to sustain in the market and gain competitive advantage is to provide more offerings within a short period of time. Lead time exactly shows how fast a company is able to speed up its manufacturing and bring a product to offer to the consumers in the market. The company focuses on bringing products to the consumers at regular intervals and providing the consumers with the best shopping experience (Gale Wood, 1994). Hence it could be said that Woolworths has been able to use these key aspects to gain market share and retain consumers as they have been able to capitalize on these components which has helped them to enhance customer value and hence create sustainability and customer retention (Gupta et al., 2004). Customer Value and Utility Customer value creation is highly related to utility and often said that it is utility that regulates customer value creation. As stated by Christopher (2011) customer value is highly related with time and place utility as most of the products have almost the same kind of features and provisions. It has been supported by many scholars since the theory put forward by Christopher (2011) is applicable to a large extent. Time and place are both key factors for consumers. Value creation is almost always dependent on time and place. It is largely an important aspect for the logistics and the supply chain managers as utility or value is created for a customer when the customer gets the product when he or she needs it and this is what time utility is (Ryu et al., 2012). If the consumers dont get the product when he or she needs it that product doesnt have any value for the consumers. At the same time the place where the consumers buy the product from is also equally important. Since the cons umers give importance to brand purchases made from branded place also create value for the consumers. On the other hand there is another school of thought who feels that only time and place utility is not everything. It is important to mention that they emphasize on quality and also customer services are key aspects. Customer service is no doubt an important aspect as stated by Prahalad Ramaswamy (2013) that customer service is always key for the companies to create value for the consumers. For instance effective customer service at Woolworths has been a key aspect for the company to attract consumers and this case has clearly opposes the view of Christopher (2011). It is stated by Chen Dubinsky (2003) that place utility is the charge of the supply chain or the logistics manager to take care about the process through which a product reaches the outlet where the consumers prefer to buy the product from but on the contrary it is said that operations manager is responsible to enhance the overall value created for the consumers. The operations manager is responsible to take care of the customer service, quality of the product as well as to offer consumers different types of products that ensure value for the consumers. Hence it is important to mention that even if the statement by Christopher (2011) is contradictory and have been opposed as well as supported it has to be mentioned that time and place utility is equally important as other components like quality, cost, customer service and product lead time (Flint et al., 2011). Conclusion The present study has been able to discuss key aspects for enhancing the consumer value. The essential attributes like quality, cost, customer service et cetera have been discussed comprehensively. It is important to mention that most of the companies and the case study company Woolworths Ltd have developed a strong hold over the concept of customer value and it has utilized all the key aspect to enhance customer value (Chang et al., 2009). The present study has tried to decipher the role of these aspects in creating customer value which has helped to complete the study successfully. References Adelaar, T., Bouwman, H. and Steinfield, C., 2004. Enhancing customer value through click-and-mortar e-commerce: implications for geographical market reach and customer type.Telematics and Informatics,21(2), pp.167-182. Chang, H.H., Wang, Y.H. and Yang, W.Y., 2009. The impact of e-service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty on e-marketing: Moderating effect of perceived value.Total Quality Management,20(4), pp.423-443. Chen, Z. and Dubinsky, A.J., 2003. A conceptual model of perceived customer value in eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ commerce: A preliminary investigation.Psychology Marketing,20(4), pp.323-347. Cheng, C.H. and Chen, Y.S., 2009. Classifying the segmentation of customer value via RFM model and RS theory.Expert systems with applications,36(3), pp.4176-4184. Cronin, J.J., Brady, M.K. and Hult, G.T.M., 2000. Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments.Journal of retailing,76(2), pp.193-218. Flint, D.J., Blocker, C.P. and Boutin, P.J., 2011. Customer value anticipation, customer satisfaction and loyalty: An empirical examination.Industrial Marketing Management,40(2), pp.219-230. Gale, B. and Wood, R.C., 1994.Managing customer value: Creating quality and service that customers can see. Simon and Schuster. Gupta, S., Lehmann, D.R. and Stuart, J.A., 2004. Valuing customers.Journal of marketing research,41(1), pp.7-18. Han, H. and Ryu, K., 2009. The roles of the physical environment, price perception, and customer satisfaction in determining customer loyalty in the restaurant industry.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,33(4), pp.487-510. Hsin Chang, H. and Wang, H.W., 2011. The moderating effect of customer perceived value on online shopping behaviour.Online Information Review,35(3), pp.333-359. Hu, H.H., Kandampully, J. and Juwaheer, T.D., 2009. Relationships and impacts of service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and image: an empirical study.The service industries journal,29(2), pp.111-125. Lai, F., Griffin, M. and Babin, B.J., 2009. How quality, value, image, and satisfaction create loyalty at a Chinese telecom.Journal of Business Research,62(10), pp.980-986. Nasution, H.N., Mavondo, F.T., Matanda, M.J. and Ndubisi, N.O., 2011. Entrepreneurship: Its relationship with market orientation and learning orientation and as antecedents to innovation and customer value.Industrial Marketing Management,40(3), pp.336-345. Patrcio, L., Fisk, R.P. and Constantine, L., 2011. Multilevel service design: from customer value constellation to service experience blueprinting.Journal of Service Research, p.1094670511401901. Prahalad, C.K. and Ramaswamy, V., 2013.The future of competition: Co-creating unique value with customers. Harvard Business Press. Ryu, K., Lee, H.R. and Gon Kim, W., 2012. The influence of the quality of the physical environment, food, and service on restaurant image, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,24(2), pp.200-223. Saha, G.C. and Theingi, 2009. Service quality, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions: A study of low-cost airline carriers in Thailand.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,19(3), pp.350-372. Smith, J.B. and Colgate, M., 2007. Customer value creation: a practical framework.Journal of marketing Theory and Practice,15(1), pp.7-23. Woodruff, R.B., 1997. Customer value: the next source for competitive advantage.Journal of the academy of marketing science,25(2), pp.139-153. Yi, Y. and Gong, T., 2013. Customer value co-creation behavior: Scale development and validation.Journal of Business Research,66(9), pp.1279-1284.

Mmasks free essay sample

Mmasks of snot and dust, their faces looked tired and resigned to the dirty lot of children. All the neighbors gathered around our open-air bathroom. Wives peered out from the upper floor of their houses into our yard. Father had arrived booming with his cousins, my uncles. They were big, strong men, my uncles. They turned the house inside-out looking for me. Curled up in the deepest corner of my dead mother’s cabinet, father found me. He dragged me down the stairs by the hair into the waiting arms of my uncles. Because of modesty, I merely screamed and cried. Their hands, swollen and black with hair, bore me up in the air, and touched me. Into the cold of the drum I slipped, the tingling too much to bear at times my knees felt like they had turned into water. Waves swirled up and down around me, my head bobbing up and down. We will write a custom essay sample on Mmasks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Father kept booming, Girl or Boy. I thought about it and squealed, Girl. Water curled under my nose. When I rose the same two words from father. The same girl kept sinking deeper, breathing deeper in the churning void. In the end I had to say what they all wanted me to say. I had to bring this diversion to its happy end, if only for the pot of rice left burning in the kitchen. I had to stop wearing my dead mother’s clothes. In the mirror I watched the holes on my ears grow smaller, until they looked as if they had never heard of rhinestones, nor felt their glassy weight. I should feel happy now that I’m redeemed. And I do. Father died within five years. I got my wife pregnant with the next. Our four children, all boys, are the joy of my manhood, my proof. Cousins who never shed their masks lay them for all their snot and grime. Another child is on the way. I have stopped caring what it will be. Water is still a problem and the drum is still there, deep and rusty. The bathroom has been roofed over with plastic. Scrubbed and clean, my wife knows I like things. She follows, though sometimes a pighead she is. It does not hurt to show her who is the man. A woman needs some talking sense in to. If not, I hit her in the mouth to learn her. Every time, swill drips from her shredded lips. I drink with my uncles who all agree. They should because tonight I own their souls nd the bottles they nuzzle like their prides. While they boom and boom flies whirr over their heads that grew them. Though nobody remembers, I sometimes think of the girl who drowned somewhere in a dream many dreams ago. I see her at night with bubbles springing like flowers from her nose. She is dying and before she sinks I try to touch her open face. But the water learns to heal itself and closes around her like a wound. I should feel sorry but I drown myself in gin before I can. Better off dead, I say to myself and my family that loves me for my bitter breath. We die to rise to a better life.

Pornography and Women Theory essays

Pornography and Women Theory essays Constitutionally protected speech that is Clearly sexual abuse is discriminating and unconstitutional, therefore, must be restricted speech. Catherine A. MacKinnon, in her book Only Words gives persuading evidence that pornography subordinates women as a group through sexual abuse. She says Protecting pornography means protecting sexual abuse as speech, at the same time that both pornography and its protection have deprived women of speech, especially speech against pornography (MacKinnon, 9). MacKinnon argues this bye explaining defamation and discrimination, racial and sexual harassment, and equality and Women are sexually abused for the making of pornography. Torture, rape, hot wax dripping over nipples, and murdering women are the tools to produce a product of evil. Literature is the description of these crimes against humanity (emphasized) and cameras are On the assumption that words have only a referential relation to reality, pornography is defended as only words-even when it is pictures women had to directly used to make, even when the means of writing are womens bodies, even when a women is destroyed in order to say it or show it or because it was said or shown. However, assuming words are only a partial relation to reality would mean we would have to reconsider what reality is. Our wedding vows such as I do would be meaningless and a jury could never return a verdict that is only partial to reality. These words are treated as the institutions and practices they constitute, rather than as expressions of the idea they embody (Mackinnon, 13) Therefore, if these words of pornography are only words, dont they institutionalize rape? Since pornography is rape on women. Pornography is protected by the First Amendment as free speech, but why? Becaus ...

Pronunciation of Words With Weak and Strong Forms

Pronunciation of Words With Weak and Strong Forms English is a stress-time language which means that some words are stressed and others are not when speaking. Generally, content words such as nouns and principal verbs are stressed, while structure words such as articles, helping verbs, etc. are not.   The Structure of Words A number of structure words have both weak and strong pronunciation. As a rule, the structure will take the weak pronunciation which means that the vowel becomes muted. For example, take a look at these sentences: I can play piano.Tom is from New England. Here are these two sentences with accented words in italics. Mary can play piano.Tom is from Chicago. Can, and from and is are unaccented and the vowel is very weak. This weak vowel sound is often referred to as a schwa. In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) the schwa is represented as an upside-down e. It is, however, also possible to use these words with a strong form. Take a look at the same structure words, but used with strong pronunciation: You CANT  play tennis. - Yes, I CAN.Where is Tom FROM? In these two sentences, the placement at the end of the sentence calls for the strong pronunciation of the word. In other cases, the usually unaccented word becomes accented as a means of stressing that something is contrary to what is understood by others. Look at these two sentences in a dialogue. You arent interested in coming next week, are you?Yes, I AM interested in coming! Try the following exercise to practice both the weak and strong form.  Write two sentences: One sentence using the weak form, and one using the strong form. Try practicing these sentences taking care to quickly glide over the vowel in the weak form, or pronouncing the vowel or diphthong sound firmly in the strong form. Here are a few examples: Ive heard you have a company in the city. No, I work FOR a company in the city.What are you looking for? She is our sister.OUR sister is so talented! Practice Activity Decide how the word indicated would change the meaning in the following sentences when using the strong form. Practice saying each sentence aloud alternating between weak and strong forms. Do you notice how the meaning changes through stress? I am an English teacher in Portland, Oregon. - strong amI am an English teacher from Portland, Oregon. - strong fromHe said that she should see a doctor. - strong shouldThey were able to find a job despite the difficult market. - strong wereDo you know where he comes from? - strong doIll give the assignment to them. - strong themShes one of our most valued students. - strong ourId like Tom and Andy to come to the party. - strong and Answers I AM an English teacher ... Its true even though you dont believe it..... teacher FROM Portland, Oregon. Thats my home city, but not necessarily where I live and teach now.  ... that she SHOULD see a doctor. Its my advice, not an obligation.They WERE able to find a job ... It was possible for them though you think not.DO you know where ... Do you know the answer to this question or not?... the assignment to THEM. Not you, the others.Shes one of OUR most valued students. She is one of us, not of you or them.... Tom AND Andy ... Not only Tom, dont forget Andy. Here are some of the most common words that have weak/strong pronunciations. Generally speaking, use the week form (schwa) pronunciation of these words unless they are stressed by coming at the end of a sentence or due to unnatural stress made to facilitate understanding.   Common Weak and Strong Words a / am / an / and / are / as / atbe / been / butcan / coulddo / doesfor / fromhad / has / have / he / her / him / hisismustnotof / ourshall / she / should / somethan / that / the / them / there / touswas / we / were / who / would / willyou / your

Perceptions of Safety Among Children in Foster Care Essay

Perceptions of Safety Among Children in Foster Care - Essay Example With this information, it will be possible to better understand specific safety issues indicative to foster care. In addition, this data will elucidate safety issues that may not be persistent concerns for children in foster care. With this data, social workers could develop programs to raise awareness and improve safety outcomes for children in this care setting. The US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families (2005) reports that at the end of 2004, 800,000 children were served by the foster care system. Of these children, 304,000 represented new entrants into the program. Although this number is part of a larger trend representing a decrease in foster care over the last several years, it does represent a notable percentage of the child population in the United States. According to the US Census Bureau (2005), there were approximately 7.5 million children living in the US in 2004. As such, almost 10 percent of children in the US were involved in the foster care system at some point in 2004. Clearly, what this data reveals is that the foster care system comprises a significant portion of children living in the United States. As the size of this population continues to grow, social workers and helping professionals are faced with the challenge of providing relevant care that can improve outcomes for chi ldren placed in these living arrangements. With the re... With the realization that so many children in the US are brought into the foster care system, there is a clear impetus to examine the safety of the overall system. A precursory overview of what has been written on the subject suggests that even though numerous authors have examined the issue of safety in the context of the foster care system, the exact manner in which safety is defined differs among scholars. For instance, Altshuler and Gleeson (1999) maintain that there are a host of variables that must be taken into consideration when assessing the safety of the child in foster care. Among these variables are included: physical health; cognitive functioning and developmental delay. Interestingly however, Bilaver, Jaudes, Koepke, and Goerge (1999) conceptualize the safety of children in foster care as directly related to the health of the child. CHAPTER I: PURPOSE STATEMENT For the formulation of the purpose statement, I would like stress on the question posed by the thesis. The question primarily revolves around whether or not children feel safe in their foster home settings. Through the posing of this question, I will try to delve into the perception of safety for these children apart from trying to assert their concept of safety when they are placed in a foster home. In this context, I will try and conceptualize the perceptions of these children through their adult experiences through a focus on literature available on the psycho analytical point of view and literary records of case studies of recalled experiences. The thesis will also focus strongly on the perceptions of the parents who have adopted these children so as to get both sides of the story for a more qualitative research. Problem Statement Although this

Health Law and Ehtics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health Law and Ehtics - Assignment Example To facilitate and examine ethics in nursing and the health industry at large, this paper will concisely will discuss the deep origins of healthcare ethical healthy behavior. It also seeks to analyze some of the ethical issues in healthcare among them, refusal to care, beneficence, autonomy, non-male-ficence and justice (Lo, 2013). Ethical decision-making is crucial in the healthcare industry when it comes to addressing issues, conflicts and uncertainties concerning opposing values such as individual, organizational, professional and communal values. The ability to influence decisions on patient-care largely depends on the ethical guidelines provided. To avoid ethical dilemmas, there should be clearly spelt procedures and guidelines aimed at supporting ethical decision-making (Krueger & Stein, 2010). There are a number of significant challenges facing health care organizations among them rising public expectations, growing financial pressures, safety of patients, issues of quality improvement, mergers and consolidations, health care reform among others. These factors have placed healthcare firms under much stress and pressure. They have also intensified ethical concerns and conflicts. These challenges call for ethical decision-making by the parties involved (Curtin, 2011). Ethics is a very significant field to an organization’s mission as well as towards achieving the main goal. Health care executives and managers should demonstrate the significance of ethical standards in their own actions as well as looking for ways of integrating ethical practices within an organizational culture. A healthcare organization should create an ethical environment by (Krueger & Stein, 2010): The capability of an organization to realize its full potential within the market place will largely depend on knowledge, motivation, skills as well as ethical values and

Farewell Address Analysis Essay Example for Free

Farewell Address Analysis Essay In 1976, former United States President George Washington delivered one of the most meaningful and talked-about Farewell Addresses. The Address was a combination of his personal thoughts on his presidency, as well as a warning and advice to the people of United States. Washington begins by telling his countrymen that it was originally planned to be delivered four years prior when he thought of retiring as president of United States. However, feeling that he is obligated to answer to the needs of the very people who elected him to his post, he decided to extend his presidency. Washington knew that his retirement would cause a lot of concern and anxiety among his fellow Americans and so he builds their confidence, and at the same time, warns them about the dangers of sectionalism, political factions, and foreign alliances. Sectionalism Washington stresses the need for unity throughout his Farewell Address, saying that this where the true success and liberty of the country depends on. He also warns against sectionalism; that is, having a state-centric rather than a Union-centric mindset. He further calls on to the American people to continue defending the Union against possible attacks from other countries who seek to destabilize the government. In addition, Washington warns his countrymen against misleading ideas propagated by the government’s enemies that United States is too big a territory to be handled by just one administration. He underscores that this seemingly large and fragmented territory can be bound by unity and cooperation. He reminds the people that regardless of the state they live in, or the regional boundaries that exist between and among them, they are, at the end of the day, all Americans. Thus, everyone should play his or her part in keeping the Union intact. Political Factions Another aspect that Americans should be on close guard, according to Washington, is the existence of political factions which seek to weaken, and later on overthrow the government. He points out that while people advocating political factions may seem to have reasonable arguments, they are ultimately doing it for personal, and oftentimes, greedy motives. Washington also alerts his fellow Americans that these people might use government policies or exploit certain provisions of the Constitution to carry out their selfish plans. He continues to warn the people about the dangers of having political parties in any government. He argues that political parties have always been viewed as enemies of the state because of their tendency to amass great power to destabilize the government or hit on their political rivals. While political parties may be useful in other forms of government, they are not necessary in a democratic government such as the United States. Foreign Alliances While Washington encourages the people to treat all people and all other countries with utmost respect and avoid engaging them in battles or disputes, he warns them against establishing long-term or permanent ties with foreign governments. This, he says, develops unnecessarily strong attachment to other countries which might negatively affect the government’s ability to establish sound foreign policies. Throughout this Farewell Address, Washington regards the American identity in the highest possible level, and calls on the people to continuously defend and protect this. His personal love of his country was also evident in his Address through the warnings and advice he issued to his fellow Americans. Moreover, his personal love for the country was evident in the contents of the Address. He did not leave without making sure that the country is strong and that the people are even stronger to take good care of it.

Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

Perhaps the most famous soliloquy in literature, these words reflect the state of desperation in which Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, finds himself as he contemplates suicide. His father, the King, has died. His mother, the Queen, has remarried within a month of the King's passing, an act which has disturbed young Hamlet in and of it. To make it worse, she has married the King's brother, Hamlet's uncle, who is now the King of Denmark. As Hamlet's despair deepens, he learns through the appearance of an apparition of his dead father; that the old King was murdered by the new King. Hamlet's growing awareness of the betrayal of his mother and evil of Claudius leads to a deepening depression and madness. This soliloquy contains the famous words "Thus conscience does make cowards of us all", hinting that the "dread of something after death"-purgatory, hell, perhaps-is what keeps Hamlet alive to avenge his father. Many people incorrectly interpret those famous words of Hamlet's, not knowing the true meaning or background behind his speech. In his soliloquy, Hamlet contemplates whether or not he should take it upon himself to act accordingly to his uncle's/step-father's crime against his own father. However, later on in the play, Hamlet realizes Fortinbras' resolve and his quest for victory. By witnessing Fortinbras and his actions, Hamlet comes to realize that he has no inner struggle and sees the actions that he must take in order to bring inner peace to him and avenge his father's murder. He is grappling with the difficulty of taking action against Claudius and the fact that he has not been able to revenge his father's murder yet. Hamlet's introspective commentary is interrupted when he sees Ophelia. In his most famous soliloquy, Hamlet ponders whether he should take action against his "sea of troubles" and seek revenge for his father's death or live with the pain of his father's murder. Hamlet's weakness is later illustrated when he passes up the opportunity to kill Claudius by rationalizing that he has made peace with God, therefore sending him to Heaven if he were to be slain. In addition to his proposal of vengeance, he also contemplates whether it is better to stay alive or commit suicide. If he were to sleep, he feels that all his troubles would vanish, and this would not be such a bad thing. However, he says that if he were ... ...very attractive because it would stop all the troubles that one has to put up with in human life. He acknowledges that he doesn't know what that would involve on the fundamental level, continuing on from what he has already said, explain that because he doesn't know what the lot of his soul may be after death, he is unwilling, even afraid, to take his own life. He dreads what comes "after death", probably especially because he could be damned for committing the sin of suicide, in which case his existence after death would indeed be very bad; and he points out that if he doesn't like it after death he can't come back to human life. But, of course, one can be fearful without being a coward; and we see from events in the play that he isn't really a coward. He faces the ghost bravely, faces his killing of Polonius bravely, faces Claudius the powerful reigning king bravely, faces the pirates bravely, and faces death bravely. This whole speech is just thinking, at one moment in his life. William Shakespeare. Hamlet. Trans. Robert Fagles. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Expanded Edition in One Volume. Gen. Ed. Maynard Mack. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997.

Kindergarten History Essay

The development of early childhood education in the United States has been spearheaded by the need for an emerging society to cope with social and economic challenges. There are at important reasons why early childhood education gained more acceptance through the years. As society opened up to accepting women as part of the workforce, working mothers demanded more institutions that can accept early education for their children. The desire of the government to make their citizens more globally competitive increased thereby supporting education from the very young levels of citizenry. Educators and leaders believed that poor communities have better chances of development if illiteracy is arrested the earliest possible time. And best reason why early childhood education has developed is the great response in children that all programs have been challenged to sustain. Caldwell shares her thoughts on how parents and teachers could sustain this excitement for learning innate in children. â€Å"Yes, it’s thrilling to be part of that excitement for learning. I think the first thing that adults have to do is respect it. Curiosity is an absolutely wonderful thing, yet sometimes parents and teachers find it annoying-the 50th â€Å"why† question of the day, for example. Parents want to pull out their hair and say, â€Å"Oh come on, we’ve talked about that enough. † So the most important thing for that excitement and curiosity is to reward it, to let children know that we are impressed that they are curious about something. † (Mabie, 2001) Kindergarten is an educational program for students aged three to seven. Programs usually last from half to full days. Educators believe that the kindergarten is a venue for developing early knowledge, skills and attitude of children that will help them get a jump start at formal education. The origins of early childhood education in the US can be found in Europe. Jean Fredrick Oberlin founded a school in 1767 in France. His wife, Madame Madeleine Oberlin taught children from two to three years old. The school focused on exercise and play and handicrafts. It was more popularly known as the â€Å"knitting† school. In 1837, Freidrich Froebel put up the first school to be called a â€Å"kindergarten† in Blankenburg, Germany. His school became the first school in the world to envision education primarily for children in the pre-schooling age. Froebel is known as the creator of Kindergarten. His concept involved theories of childhood teaching and teaching material development. He also wrote the first Syllabus of Education of Man that listed basic theories of childhood education that guided schools worldwide. Early Childhood School in the US started as early child health centers. They were patterned after the French ‘cribs’ in Paris in 1844 where governments put up these centers to care for children of mothers who had to work. Whether these centers were first found in Philadelphia or New York, where women had to work during the Civil Wars, it is important to note that these centers were focused on caring for these children rather than educating them. But due to the migration of Germans to America, the concepts of kindergarten soon landed on American soil through Margarethe Schurz. In 1856, she put up the first American kindergarten in Watertown, Wisconsin. The school used German as the medium of instruction. â€Å"The first English-speaking kindergarten was found in Boston in 1860 by Elizabeth Peabody. For many years, she traveled throughout the United States, speaking about the purpose of kindergartens and their benefits to children. She helped establish kindergartens wherever she went. The first public school kindergarten was established in 1873 in St. Louis. Susan Blow, the teacher, lectured and taught kindergarten education, continuing to be a champion of Froebelian kindergarten education throughout her life. † (Spodek, 1991) By the late 1920’s, the centers realized that besides keeping the children clean and fed, there was the opportunity to transform the venue to serve for educational needs. â€Å"The average poor child in 1860s St. Louis completed three years of school before being forced to begin work at age 10. Susan Elizabeth Blow addressed that problem by offering education to children earlier. Applying Friedrich Froebel’s theories, she opened the United States’ first successful public kindergarten at St. Louis’ Des Peres School in 1873. Blow taught children in the morning and teachers in the afternoon. By 1883 every St. Louis public school had a kindergarten, making the city a model for the nation. Devoting her life to early education, Susan Blow was instrumental in establishing kindergartens throughout America. † (Watson, 1997) Maria Montessori has been a household name in early childhood education because of the amount of work and research that Maria Montessori has brought into early childhood education. As a physician working in a psychiatric clinic in Rome, she discovered that it was possible to train mentally defective children in order for them to be safer and become part of a productive sector of society. Her success of handicapped children led into her to be hired to help non-handicapped children as well. Her practice and further research helped Montessori develop a curriculum for children that helped them maximize their full potentials in reading and learning. Montessori schools began to get established in the United States before the World War. Although crash in the economy led these Montessori schools to fade in the 1930s, there came a resurgence of Montessori institutions by the 1950s. Though the Montessori Method was very popular, it would be best to note that some Montessori associations are purist of the methods while others were not. Today, early childhood educators are serious and committed in developing the kindergarten in helping future citizens of the country in becoming productive and responsible citizens. References: Watson, Bruce. 1997. Kindergarten. http://www. geocities. com/Athens/Forum/7905/fblkind. html Mabie, Grant E. 2001. A life with young learners: an interview with Bettye M. Caldwell. The Educational Forum. http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa4013/is_200110/ai_n8999175 Spodex, Bernard. 1991. Foundations of Early Childhood Education. Allyn and Bacon. Boston.

How Soon Hath Time

HOW SOON HATH TIME- JOHN MILTON HOW SOON HATH TIME is a Petrarchan sonnet written by John Milton the famous English poet. It is a sonnet written on the 9th of December 1631. Typical of the Petrarchan sonnet, there is a tonal change as well as a change in the mood and emotions of the poet. The poem has an autobiographical touch. In the Octave, the poet laments the passage of 23 years of his life, especially the 23rd year. The sonnet begins with a tone of frustration and desperation. He suffers from the complex growing youngsters have. Time is pictured as a subtle thief of youth which has wings and it has carried away the 23 years of his life. His days are hurrying away in a rush. He is growing by age, but the spring of his life has seen no bud nor blossom. He fears that he has not achieved anything in his life despite crossing 23 years. In the second half of the octave, he states that though he has attained manhood, he does not look his age. He has that physical immaturity which has made him look very young and effeminate. He despairs of not only being unmasculine, but also a failure in life as a poet and also as a respectable man of high standing. Physical immaturity seems to go hand in hand with mental, psychological and intellectual immaturity. Though he is a man now, he does not have the mature looks nor does he find an inward ripeness. He feels sad that some people are so well endowed at the proper time. The word ENDOWED suddenly makes the poet realize the ‘one who endows'- God. Eventually the mood changes. There is an introspection and acceptance. He comes to terms with the reality. He feels that all he needs is time and necessarily, along with it ,the blessings of God. He would, one day, sooner or later, in a large amount or small, bless him. It is destiny, he realizes. He would indeed be blessed by God and his fortunes may change for the better. He decides to ‘stand and wait' in anticipation of the grace of God. He feels that right now, it is the destiny allotted by God and accordingly, he has to carry out his part of the duty and wait in patience. He dreams of a day when God blesses him in His own strictest measure. He would bless him with a sense of creativity so that he would bloom to be a better poet. He realizes that human beings are allotted to play their roles, to perform God's will. If he waits with patience, God's grace would be on him eternally. Sometimes less, sometimes more, it may vary, but the Almighty, the Power, would always remain up above, blessing him. So all he needs is Time, Patience and the will of Heaven. In the last line, the poet refers to God as a Taskmaster. A taskmaster's job is to extract work and God will make him strive hard so that one day he would be a greater poet; because that is what, he feels ,God intends him to be. If not today, perhaps someday, he will achieve what he dreamed of, the success he strived for and the glory he anticipated. He would certainly succeed as what he aspired to be. The sonnet ends with a tone of hope and consolation. Milton presents the same theme in ON HIS BLINDNESS. A parallel reference can be made of the lines from Shakespeare's AS YOU LIKE IT where he speaks that we are allotted to play our roles; to perform God's will. — † All the world's a stage and all men and women mere players

The eNotes Blog On Following Your Passion Interview with YumiSakugawa

On Following Your Passion Interview with YumiSakugawa Yumi Sakugawa is a writer and illustrator located in Los Angeles, CA. She works with as our primary illustrator, and has published two books,  I Think Im in Friend-Love With You  and  Your Illustrated Guide to Becoming One with the Universe. Her work is sincere and ethereal, striking a   balance between poignant and peculiar. We are obviously fans- but we think youll enjoy her perspective and her answers from our quick chat with her. When did you first become interested in drawing and writing comics? Were you a student that doodled in the margins of your notebooks? Ive always loved drawing, writing and making up stories ever since I was maybe five or six years old. And yes, much to the constant exasperation of all my teachers, I was a student who doodled way too much in the margins of my notebooks. What was it like the first time you were published? How old were you, and what do you remember most about the experience? My first published book  I Think Im in Friend-Love With You  came out in 2014. I was 29-years-old. It had always been a bucket list item of mine to have a published book before turning 30, so seeing my book in bookstores was and is a very gratifying experience. What comes first when developing your comics, the words, or the illustrations? Do you think there’s a particular reason for this order? Is it contingent upon the project? It varies project by project. Sometimes the imagery comes first, sometimes the words come first. With every story, it is whatever feels the most intuitive. It appears that much of your work relies on your own proximate relationship with the universe, how do you interpret your personal spirituality and apply it to your artwork. Are there particular objects or moments that you feel best represent your perspective on spirituality? I once had this surreal spiritual experience when I was 23-years-old, sitting on the ground outdoors, and looking up at a moon slowly moving across the length of the night sky. Suddenly I had an image of a divine figure pushing the moon with the tip of his or her celestial fingertips and I was so blown away by that concept for a few moments I felt the boundaries between myself and the rest of the universe completely vanish. I always go back to that moment when I think about what spirituality and art mean to me. It is all about interconnectedness and being an ocean as opposed to an island. How did you get your start as a writer/artist? Did anyone in particular influence you? I made a bunch of comics and kept sharing them on the internet or through self-published zines until one day I happened to accidentally create a web comic that went viral which eventually lead to the publication of my first book. Alex and Ann Chiu are an awesome artist couple now based in Portland who first introduced me to zine culture. We love your books I Think I am in Friend-Love with You and Your Illustrated Guide to Becoming One with the Universe, they seem to be equal parts honest and surreal. What artists have influenced you the most, and how have you been able to define your own style as an artist? I dont know if I really have an answer for how to define your own style as an artist. You keep making work that feels the most honest to you, and from there your own unique voice and perspective subconsciously emerge from the act of making work over and over again. Haruki Murakami, Aimee Bender, Ray Bradbury, Miranda July, Adrian Tomine, Jillian Tamaki, Michael DeForge, Moto Hagio, Inka Essenhigh are some of the many artists, cartoonists and writers off the top of my head whom I consider to be an influence. As the primary illustrator for , you must have a pretty vast knowledge of the written works we have study guides for, do you have any favorite illustrations of books that you’ve done for the site? If so, what are they, and why do you like them so much? I really like the image I came up with for  Catcher in the Rye. I love stories about adolescent coming-of-age. Where do you see yourself in five years? What long-term goals do you have set? I hope to still be living in Los Angeles, but with a house and a backyard so that I can finally own a dog. That, and still be making comics and art. The Everyday eNoter’s bookshelf is always full, what’s your current favorite read? Why? My favorite book Ive read all year so far is  The First Bad Man  by Miranda July. It is weird, intensely honest, and mesmerizing from beginning to end. It feels like a punch in the heart. What’s the best advice you’ve ever received from a professor or teacher? A writing mentor of mine once said, Just get it done. What advice can you give the students that use about pursuing their dreams? Just get it done. Also, meditate every day for 20 minutes. Looking back, what advice would you give your freshman self? I dont know, with the time travel paradox and all that, I think Ill just let my freshman self do her own thing. Im pretty content with how things are in my life right now! And finally, what’s your go-to music/soundtrack for working/writing? Indie rock and moody instrumentals from the early 00s because my music tastes are eternally frozen in my college years. To learn more about Yumi and her artwork and books, visit  her website and follow her on  Instagram  and Twitter. Also, be sure to check out 20 Illustrations of Shakespeare Quotes where we showcase her Shakespeare play scene illustrations.

Top 3 Supreme Court Cases Involving Japanese Internment

Top 3 Supreme Court Cases Involving Japanese Internment During World War II, not only did some Japanese Americans refuse to relocate to internment camps, they also fought federal orders to do so in court. These men rightfully argued that the government depriving them of the right to walk outside at night and live in their own homes violated their civil liberties. After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, the U.S. government  forced more than 110,000 Japanese Americans into detention  camps, but Fred Korematsu, Minoru Yasui, and Gordon Hirabayashi  defied orders. For refusing to do what they’d been told, these courageous men were arrested and jailed. They eventually took their cases to the Supreme Court- and lost.​ Although the Supreme Court would rule in 1954 that the policy of â€Å"separate but equal† violated the Constitution, striking down Jim Crow in the South, it proved incredibly shortsighted in cases related to Japanese  American internment. As a result, Japanese Americans who argued before the high court that curfews and internment infringed upon their civil rights had to wait until the 1980s for vindication. Learn more about these men. Minoru Yasui v. the United States When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Minoru Yasui was no ordinary twenty-something. In fact, he had the distinction of being the first Japanese American lawyer admitted to the Oregon Bar. In 1940, he began working for the Consulate General of Japan in Chicago but promptly resigned after Pearl Harbor to return to his native Oregon. Shortly after Yasui’  arrived in Oregon, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on Feb. 19, 1942. The order authorized the military to bar Japanese Americans from entering certain regions, to impose curfews on them and to relocate them to internment camps. Yasui deliberately defied the curfew. â€Å"It was my feeling and belief, then and now, that no military authority has the right to subject any United States citizen to any requirement that does not equally apply to all other U.S. citizens,† he explained in the book And Justice For All. For walking the streets past curfew, Yasui was arrested. During his trial at the U.S. District Court in Portland, the presiding judge acknowledged that the curfew order violated the law but decided that Yasui had forsaken his U.S. citizenship by working for the Japanese Consulate and learning the Japanese language. The judge sentenced him to a year in Oregon’s Multnomah County Jail. In 1943, Yasui’s case appeared before the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that Yasui was still a U.S. citizen and that the curfew he’d violated was valid. Yasui eventually ended up at an internment camp in Minidoka, Idaho, where he was released in 1944. Four decades would pass before Yasui was exonerated. In the meantime, he would fight for civil rights and engage in activism on behalf of the Japanese American community. Hirabayashi v. the United States Gordon Hirabayashi was a University of Washington student when President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066. He initially obeyed the order but  after cutting a study session short to avoid violating the curfew, he questioned why he was being singled out in a way  his white classmates were not. Because he considered the curfew to be a violation of his Fifth Amendment rights, Hirabayashi decided to intentionally flout it. â€Å"I was not one of those angry young rebels, looking for a cause,† he said in a 2000 Associated Press interview. â€Å"I was one of those trying to make some sense of this, trying to come up with an explanation.† For defying Executive Order 9066 by missing curfew and failing to report to an internment camp, Hirabayashi was arrested and convicted in 1942. He ended up jailed for two years and did not win his case when it appeared before the Supreme Court. The high court argued that the executive order was not discriminatory because it was a military necessity. Like Yasui, Hirabayashi would have to wait until the 1980s before he saw justice. Despite this blow, Hirabayashi spent the years after World War II getting a master’s degree and a doctorate in sociology from the University of Washington. He went on to a career in academia. Korematsu v. the United States Love motivated Fred Korematsu, a 23-year-old shipyard welder, to defy orders to report to an internment camp. He simply did not want to leave his Italian  American girlfriend and internment would have separated him from her. After his arrest in May 1942 and subsequent conviction for violating military orders, Korematsu fought his case all the way to the Supreme Court. The court, however, sided against him, arguing that race did not factor into the internment of Japanese Americans and that internment was a military necessity. Four decades later, the luck of Korematsu, Yasui, and Hirabayashi changed when legal historian Peter Irons stumbled upon evidence that government officials had withheld several documents from the Supreme Court stating that Japanese Americans posed no military threat to the United States. With this information in hand, Korematsu’s attorneys appeared in 1983 before the U.S. 9th Circuit Court in San Francisco, which vacated his conviction. Yasui’s conviction was overturned in 1984 and Hirabayashi’s conviction was  two years later. In 1988, Congress passed the Civil Liberties Act, which led to a formal government apology for internment and payment to of $20,000 to internment survivors. Yasui died in 1986, Korematsu in 2005 and Hirabayashi in 2012.

Does Different Business Strategy Is Indeed a Requirement for Success Essay

Does Different Business Strategy Is Indeed a Requirement for Success - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that competition is even more profound in businesses surviving in competitive markets. Companies will, therefore, resort to innovation whereby new untapped markets will be created. However, creating and investing in new markets has its risks and disadvantages. The other option involves applying robust efforts to provide the same services and products better than any other player in the same industry does. However, the benefits cannot be retained for a long time. Therefore, the most successful business organizations resort to a hybrid of the two options. Best market players combine innovativeness and best of service to produce a different business field where competitors will find hard to compete. Most successful global business organizations have indeed survived the torrential market conditions by playing it differently. Apple is one of the leading companies in the production of high-tech electronic gadgets. Due to its su ccess, the company has become envy to most companies that are trying to follow its steps. With Steve Jobs as its current CEO, the company has achieved much success than other companies that have been in the industry for many years. Currently, the company’s market capitalization has exceeded $ 200 billion and this makes Apple find a position in the top ten companies in the globe. Currently, the company is ranked slightly below Microsoft, which is the leading technology company in the world. The most striking thing about the success of the company is how fast the company has achieved the success. Other market players in the industry are hoping to learn the secrets of the company and if possible emulate them. To understand Apple secrets, one needs to make a detailed analysis of its business strategies in order to determine how the same has indeed contributed to its success. Firstly, unlike other companies in the industry, Apple is a vertically integrated company. This implies th at the company control or owns most of the technology required to produce its products.

Project 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project 3 - Essay Example A verbal fight ensues, and despite entreaties by management to leave the store, they have not. Nobody has hit anyone but the Police are called. No crime has been committed. 3. A group of friends has dinner at a restaurant that has just opened. The restaurant touts its' wonderful pay one price buffet and its vast vegan fare. Despite a buffet that is three miles long, there are no vegetarian dishes to be found and one of the group winds up eating celery all night. Despite requests to management, nobody can drum up a vegetarian dish. The check arrives and the vegan has been charged for the buffet. The vegan points out to the waiter that they did not eat but that they will pay for the wine that they had with their bread and celery. Management calls the police and they tell management that it is a civil not criminal issue. 4. It is a warm spring night and two children's baseball teams are playing. One child gets hit accidentally by an awful pitch and suddenly parents, coaches and even the referee are cursing at each other. Nobody has thrown a punch, but the police have been called. No crime has been committed. Only weeks ago we read about the vile situation of the girl in Missouri who committed suicide after some others who knew her created a fake MySpace profile of a boy who befriended her and then turned on her and told her she was mean and he didn't want to be friends with her. The police were called but no laws were broken. There are other behaviors that people inflict on others but the police are powerless because there is no law defining the behavior as illegal. Oftentimes police officers are called in to watch crowded gatherings. Nothing is happening that is illegal, but the Police Officers are there nonetheless. It would seem that Police Officers are often called when there is a perceived threat of a future crime. In the internet case, as in many internet scenarios, there is no law that prohibits a person from posting harassing and threatening comments. The victim feels, rightfully, threatened and fearful so the logical thing to do is call the police. (Connelly, 2000) Where there are public rallies, there are officers. People are threatened by crowds. Basically, any situation where there is a perceived threat (real or not) is when police officers are called. III. Explain the difference between streetwalkers and call girls, and discuss how each might have an impact on order maintenance and peacekeeping, and what that impact might be. Which would have a larger impact on public expectations regarding the police, and why The term prostitute is a general term that defines one as someone who performs sexual services for renumeration. (Farley, 2007) The payment is often in the form of currency, though there is a group of prostitutes who accept drugs as payment. A call girl is someone who operates over the phone. Their appointments are made over the phone, as opposed to a hooker or streetwalker: a hooker solicits for customers on the street. In general, hookers are a higher risk of contracting diseases due to the fact that they are less selective about their clientele and may not necessarily practice safe sex. The difference between a call girl and a street walker is that the call girls have cell phones, so you

Auditing And The Public Interest Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Auditing And The Public Interest - Assignment Example Being prepared by either internal or external auditors, audit report gives the evaluation of the performance of a company. The reports are not only essential to the management but also they are heavily relied upon by other parties including the shareholders, government, financial institutions and the general public. It is important to note that auditors only give an opinion as to whether or not the financial statements depict the correct financial position of a company. This paper seeks to discuss whether the current international regulatory environment for the auditing is effective in ensuring that investors and owners are provided with reliable information by external auditors. Public interest in relation to the (accounting and) audit profession According to the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) public interest entails the entity or individuals who are directly affected by the financial reports that are given by auditors or by the accountants. One of the major objectiv es that accountancy profession must strive to achieve is to safeguard the interest of the public. This includes provision of accurate and reliable financial information that is vital in making investment decision. ... essential to note that by ensuring uniformity in the financial statements of various companies, members of the public are in a position to determine the profitable and the well managed organizations. One of the major aspects of accountancy as depicted by Gonzalo (2009) is that in order to attain an efficient economy, it is vital for the financial accounts to be accurate and comparable. In this way, companies can access the risks that may negatively affect the public investments. He also stipulates that proper financial reporting results into efficient economic outcomes and common good while poor reporting adversely affect the performance of an economy. To create public confidence especially in the financial market, it is prudent for companies to provide adequate information that eliminates uncertainty which demotivates individuals to engage in transactions. Provision of independent certification which is the major role of auditors significantly creates confidence among the investors particularly in the current world of asymmetric information (Gonzalo 2009). In the same way, certainty is a key aspect that motivates individual to engage in purchasing of company products. In this regard, auditors should play an imperative role of public certification in order to increase public confidence and reduce uncertainty thus lowering the prices of the commodities. This will not only result to financial stability but also it generates social benefits to the individuals. One of the notable implications of proper auditing and professional accountancy is that they ensure comparability and verifiability of the financial information thus propagating public interest since they result to efficiency of markets. In order to ensure advancement of public interest, it is vital for auditors and

Information Technology And Some Infrastructure Challenges Information Technology Essay

Information Technology And Some Infrastructure Challenges Information Technology Essay To successfully implement an information technology infrastructure into an organization, it is critical that all levels work and plan together, and that the planning performed be proactive and strategic. Some components of the infrastructure may require an upgraded or be deleted; however, some components may not. Certain information about information systems, interaction, and processes, once collected, organized, and comprehended, can form an essential component of infrastructure which will outlive many of the upgrades to equipment and software. The focus of this paper is to explain what managerial roles does information system support, how has the Internet improved supply chain problems, list and describe the components of IT infrastructure that firms need to manage, name and describe the management challenges posed by IT infrastructure, and finally define Open-Source software. Management Roles Managers continue to perform critical roles in todays organizations. They have a wide variety of responsibilities ranging from decision making, compiling data, making reports, to coordinating meetings. To understand managerial role better, we must look at both the classical and contemporary models of managerial behavior. Classical Model Henri Fayol was one of the most significant providers to modern concepts of management, having stated that the five primary functions of management were planning, organizing, coordinating, deciding, and controlling (Rushing, 2010). Fayol believed management theories could be developed and then taught. Henri Fayol proposed that it is important to have unity of command. This concept that suggests there should be only one supervisor for each person in an organization. Fayol also suggested that management is a common human activity that applies equally well to and organization as it does to a family. This type of management theory was basically unchallenged from the 1920s through 1990s. The terms associated with Fayols management theory were of a formal nature rather than describe what a manager actually does in the performance of his job (Laudon Laudon, 2006). Contemporary Models The contemporary behavioral scientists had discovered that managers do not typically behave as the classical models had first implied. Behavioral models state that actual behavior of managers appear to be less systematic, more informal, less reflective, more reactive, less well organized, and much more frivolous than students of information systems and decision making generally expected it to be (Laudon Laudon, 2006, p. 87). Analyzing managers daily behaviors, Henry Mintzberg discovered that these actions could be classified into 10 managerial roles. Managerial roles can be described expectations of duties that should be performed by a manager in an organization. Mintzberg discovered that these roles could be broken down into three categories: interpersonal, informational, and decisional. Interpersonal Roles In general, interpersonal roles will be established by the type of position you hold in an organization. For example, lower level managers will have dissimilar interpersonal roles than middle management. The Interpersonal roles of a manager can be broken down into three categories: figurehead, leader, or a liaison. Figureheads within an organization speak for their companies to the outside world and carry out symbolic duties such as passing out awards to employees (Rushing, 2010). Additionally, there are numerous administrative tasks and they are also in the public and professional limelight. As a leader you are responsible for ensuring a safe and productive environment for your employees. The development of your department and your employees lies on the figureheads shoulders and they must be able to promote growth while at the same time steering clear of conflict. As a liaison you must be prepared to correspond with others. Liaisons not only report to upper management but will have to work with peers from other factions within an organization such as vendors, and even clients. The liaison is responsible for knowing who to get in touch with to get to the bottom of any situation. Informational Roles A monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson are the three informational roles that a manager may assume (Hartman, n.d.). These informational roles are created as a result of enacting the set of interpersonal roles already described. A network of interpersonal contacts with both subordinates and individuals outside the work unit serves to establish the manager as an informational nerve center of the unit, responsible for gathering, receiving, and transmitting information that concerns members of a specific department. A manager takes on the monitor role by constantly scanning the environment for information or activities and events that may identify opportunities or threats to the organization. Much of the managers gathering of information is accomplished through the network of contacts established through the interpersonal roles. The information a manager gathers as a monitor must be evaluated and transmitted as appropriate to members of the organization. The transmittal of information by a manager activates the disseminator role. Privileged information may be disseminated to subordinates, peers, or superiors in the organization. Occasionally, a manager must take on the role of a spokesperson by speaking on behalf of the department to people inside or outside the organization. This might involve lobbying for critical resources or appealing to individuals who have influence on activities that affect the work unit (Wren, 2005). Decisional Roles Both interpersonal and informational roles are really preludes to what are often considered to be a managers most important set of roles: the decisional roles of entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator (Laudon Laudon, 2006). The entrepreneur role comes into action when the manager seeks to improve the work unit (Rushing, 2010). This can be accomplished by adapting new techniques to fit a particular situation or modifying old techniques to improve individual or group activity. Managers usually learn of new or innovative methods through information gathered in the monitor role. Whereas the entrepreneur role establishes the manager as the initiator of change, the disturbance handler role establishes the manager as a responder to change. Organizations, unfortunately, do not run so smoothly that managers are never called upon to respond to unwelcome pressures. In these cases, the manager is required to act quickly to bring stability back to the organization. When a manager is placed in the position of having to decide to whom and in what quantity resources will be dispensed, the resource allocator role is assumed. Resources may include money, time, power, equipment, or people. During periods of resource abund ance, this role can be easily performed by a manager. In most cases, however, organizations operate under conditions of resource scarcity; thus, decisions on the allocation of resources can be critical for the success of the work unit, division, or organization. As a decision maker, the manager must strive not only to appropriately match resources with subordinates but also to ensure that the distribution of resources is coordinated to effectively complete the task to be performed (Rushing, 2010). In addition to decisions concerning organizational changes, disturbances, and resources, the manager must enact a negotiator role. The process of negotiation is possible only when an individual has the authority to commit organizational resources. Hence, as managers move up the managerial hierarchy and obtain control over more resources, they become more involved in the negotiator role. Supply Chain Management Supply chain management (SCM) combines the art and science that goes into improving the way an organization discovers the components it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to its customers (Laudon Laudon, 2006). The idea of Supply Chain Management is built around two principal ideas. The first is that just about every product that reaches a customer represents the collective effort of multiple organizations. Together these organizations are referred as the supply chain. The second idea is that although supply chains have been around for a long time, many organizations have only paid attention to what was happening within their own organization. Few businesses understood and managed the entire chain of procedures that eventually delivered products to the final customer. The result was disorganized and often ineffective supply chains Internet and Supply Chains Supply chains in almost every business are at the start of a startling reinvention produced by the growth of the Internet. The change extends beyond performance advancements and efficiencies acquired from computerization and communication to incorporate brand new possibilities to create value. This new value results from coordinated supply chains that can extend to larger markets and shape goods and services to meet the customers needs and new products and services that adjust to the highly competitive and increasing environmental needs. The Internet alters the way in which supply chains are managed, designed and controlled. The information, choices and practices that form Supply Chain Management are shifting to the Internet, breaking old ideas and widening company boundaries. This common ground will be where entire supply chains truly can be synchronized. New unknown specialist providers of both virtual and physical activities will create their own exclusive roles in the new infrast ructure. In this ever changing environment, supply chain capabilities will be essential. But gaining those crucial competitive resources will not take place through the typical supply chain ideas of today (Challenges facing supply chain management, 2008). Internet Technology for Integrating Business Processes Information technology (IT) has always been utilized to handle exchanges of goods, services, and information between organizations. With the arrival of Internet-based business-to-business (B2B) electronic markets, on the other hand, real opportunities for online transactions have begun to open up (Samson, 2010). The emerging internet was definitely an unpredictable development. All the same, important operating criteria such as reliability, local structures and robustness always came to the fore. As a result, users had the opportunity to get access to a highly available international data network that stays operative even in case of a breakdown of some single nodes. One important aspect of globalization is concentration. As a logical consequence, international companies have to merge or to collaborate with each other to meet the requirements for a global distribution of their goods and services. In a networked economy, these enterprises are bound to unseal some parts of their IT infr astructure to allow the engaged parties an exchange of product and accounting data as well as current status information in order to sustain the supply chain. Furthermore, employees need improved business applications with enhanced functionalities to manage their all-day work. These applications replenish existing legacy systems by degrees. Long-ranging, these enhancements result in a heterogeneous network of computers and applications, as all those components require each other and have to be consolidated. In the context of integrating distributed business application systems, the vision of redundancy and robustness was not resumed consequently: A changing business environment results in new technical developments and increasing demand of IT supported execution of business processes (Needle, 2009). IT Infrastructure Information technology infrastructure can be defined as the tangible hardware used to link computers and users (Laudon Laudon, 2006). Infrastructure may include transmission media and other instruments that direct transmission paths. Infrastructure can also consist of the software that is used to send, receive, and manage transmitted signals. Additionally, infrastructure can refer to interconnecting hardware and software and not to computers and other devices that are interconnected. On the other hand, to some IT users, infrastructure is regarded as everything that maintains the continual flow and management of information. IT infrastructure today is comprised of seven major components: computer hardware platforms, operating system platforms, enterprise software applications, data management and storage, networking/telecommunications platforms, internet platforms, and consulting and system integration services (Samson, 2010). Computer Hardware Platforms The physical part of the computer is referred to as the computer hardware. This includes the digital circuitry, which is different than the computer software that executes within the hardware (Laudon Laudon, 2006). The hardware of a computer is rarely changed as compared to the computer software and data, which are soft in the sense that they are quickly created, tailored or deleted from the computer. The microprocessor is the core of any computing device. The two major companies that manufacture most microprocessing chips are Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Standard tests of the AMD chip alongside the Intel Celeron chip have shown that the AMD chip was better in performance. Operating System Platforms An operating system is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer. The other programs are called applications or application programs. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API). In addition, users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface such as a command language or a graphical user interface (GUI) (Greer, 2009). Enterprise Software Applications The goal of enterprise software applications is to integrate applications into seamless processes throughout an organization. The two most popular applications in this group are customer relationship management and supply chain management systems. Business processes that have traditionally been optimized for internal efficiency can now add the element of superior customer service, tailored to each customer, inspiring the skills of trained agents in the call center. Back office processes are greatly improved with better information from the customer. Additionally, agents can slowly decrease the flow of paper, in favor of more efficient communication avenues such as e-mail and the web (von der Weth Starker, 2010). Data Management and Storage Organizations are collecting increasingly more data on its customers, employees, and even the organization itself. Being able to manage and storing the data so that it is readily accessible and supply meaningful information to the organization is developing into a discipline in and of itself (Laudon Laudon, 2006). Storage area networks (SANs) provide an organized, cost-effective way to combine data from across any system within the organization. Online users want direct access to data and SANs help organizations with a way to provide it. Networking/Telecommunications Platforms As we continue towards a completely digital world, networking and telecommunications platforms will begin to merge together. Instead than having a platform for networking computers and devices and a separate platform for telecommunications, we will begin to see businesses providing a combination of computers and peripheral devices, handheld PDAs telephone services, cell phone services, and wireless services all packaged together into one. A myriad of telecommunications companies have already merged with Internet service providers to provide complete digital service packages (Eren, Subasi, Coskun, 2008). Internet Platforms The Internet and subsequent technology continue to develop the services businesses are able to offer their employees, customers, suppliers, and other business partners (Laudon Laudon, 2006). Intranets and extranets constructed on Internet technologies provide businesses an easy and economical way of providing services that were extremely expensive just a few years ago. Many small and medium-sized businesses are using Web hosting services instead of purchasing new hardware necessary to support Web sites, intranets, and extranets. Its more cost effective and easier to have these service-providers manage hardware, software, and security issues, leaving the organization to concentrate on its primary processes. Consulting and System Integration Services Systems used in many large organizations are so complicated that its almost impossible to manage them by alone. Integration services offered by the companies like IBM and Hewlett-Packard are essential in keeping up with all the changes. In various ways it makes more sense for a company like Nike to focus on its core processes of making sports apparel and let a company like IBM take care of the technology issues. These services become more vital as many organizations combine their old legacy systems with newer technologies such as wireless networking. The old legacy systems merely cant be thrown away but must work flawlessly with todays newest technologies. Some organizations prefer not to completely replace legacy systems because its not cost effective, requires large amounts of training, and causes too much change in the organization. Its simpler to use middleware and other technologies to combine new and old systems (Schmidt, Otto, Osterle, 2010). Management Challenges Developing and managing a sound IT infrastructure raises multiple challenges: making wise infrastructure investments, coordinating infrastructure components, dealing with scalability and technology changes, and management and governance. Infrastructure Investments Just like investments in home remodeling often fail to provide a significant return on investment (ROI), it is frequently the case with investments in superior IT infrastructure components. IT Managers are constantly under the gun to decrease costs in order to fund new projects or to meet cost-reduction goals. Managers should make decisions to prevent overspending on component parts of the organizations computer systems. For example, high reliability storage, will offer little value if matched with servers or network connections of lower reliability. A string of high reliability components may surpass the necessities of the service they support. Any time the performance of any component notably goes above the requirements the incremental savings is pointless (Laudon Laudon, 2006). Coordinating Infrastructure Components Todays organizations develop IT infrastructures by choosing a variety of wholesalers, people, and technology services and fit them together so that they work as a whole (Samson, 2010). Because each part of the whole IT infrastructure has its own priorities, managing them collectively can be quite difficult. Some components of infrastructure will need to be upgraded or are subject to upgrade or replaced, as is with most components of computing systems. However, some components are not. Specific information about information systems and associated processes can form an essential component of infrastructure which will outlive many upgrades of equipment or software. Dealing with Scalability and Technology Changes In general terms, scalability refers to the ability of a system to maintain, if not improve, its average performance as the number of clients grows (Laudon Laudon, 2006). As an organization continues to grow, it can quickly out grow its infrastructure. On the other hand, if an organization downsizes, they may be stuck with an infrastructure that is too big and expensive to keep running. Every component of the infrastructure has some kind of management or operational overhead associated. Therefore, it is imperative that the organization recognizes these changes and takes appropriate actions to keep the organization moving forward. Management and Governance One of the most vital tasks for successful information management is developing the business governance over its program and related projects (Wren, 2005). Governance will apply a priority to the often-conflicting organizational pressures. It will take organizational plans and goals and help to form them into bounded endeavors. However, many organizations battle to get their governance programs up and running. They cant acquire interest, and they are in need of ideas to discuss after the initial objective is created. Information Systems and Ethical Issues Information systems introduce new and often complex ethical issues (Carroll Buchholtz, 2006). This is very true today because of the challenges created by the Internet and e-commerce to the safeguard of privacy and intellectual property. New ethical issues caused by vast use of information systems include creating accountability for the consequences of information systems, establishing standards to safeguard system quality that look after the safety of individuals and society, and upholding values and establishments considered vital to the quality of life in an information world. Whether you manage your own company or work in a large business, youll be facing these issues, and youll need to know how to handle them. Open-Source Software Open-source software (OSS) is computer software that is created by a cooperation of several thousand programmers worldwide (Chan Husted, 2010). Some open source software is accessible within the public domain. The term open-source software was derived as part of a marketing campaign for free software. Open-source software is based on the premise that it is superior to commercially produced proprietary software because thousands of programmers around the world working for no pay can read, perfect, distribute, and modify the source code much faster , and with more reliable results , than small teams of programmers working for a single software company (Laudon Laudon, 2006, p. 209). Advantages Open-source software experts have identified several advantages and disadvantages. The key advantage for an organization is that open-source software is an excellent way for companies to attain better market penetration. Organizations that present open-source software are able to create an industry standard and, therefore, gain an advantage over its competition. Additionally, it has helped create loyalty to the developers. In turn, the developers feel a sense of empowerment and ownership of the end product. Furthermore, less marketing and logistical services costs are required for OSS. Also, it helps organizations to keep up on of all technology developments. Another advantage is that it is an excellent tool to market an organizations image, incorporating its commercial products. The open-source software development method has produce reliable, high quality software rapidly and at a much lower cost. Likewise, it offers the promise for a more adaptable technology and quicker improveme nt. The mix of different perspectives, business objectives, and personal goals helps speed up innovation. Additionally free software can be developed in concurrence with entirely technical requirements. Open-source software does not entail considering about commercial demands that tends to degrade the software quality (Chan Husted, 2010). Disadvantages On the other hand, it can be argued that the open-source development process may not be as clear and that some system testing and documentation may be overlooked. Nonetheless this is usually only true for smaller jobs. Bigger, successful jobs tend to define and impose, as a minimum, some rules because they are needed to ensure good teamwork. In the most complex projects these rules may be as strict as reviewing even minor change by two independent developers. Even though many companies like IBM and Sun Microsystems support open source software there are no great financial interest involved.   A majority of the developers and advocates of free source software tend to believe in an unrealistic society that does not involve intellectual property rights   Therefore most of the applications are not dependable and you cannot run essential business operations on them. Another disadvantage is that once you choose to use open-source software you are on your own.   Although there is a lot of help available on the Web, there is no real skilled support available.   Basically, you have to learn how to install and use applications on your own, without damaging your data and hardware. There are no documents and manuals made available to help you since the software is being constantly being changed (Chan Husted, 2010). An additional drawback is that most of the open-source applications are not compatible with some of todays devices (Chan Husted, 2010). For example, there is no such thing as plug and play hardware when you are using open-source operating systems.   Occasionally it is hard to get modems to work with open source operating systems. Finally, technical support is more expensive compared to commercial software (Chan Husted, 2010). People who offer support for open-source software count on earning lots of money to provide support and in fact this is the only income model alleged in support of the open source software movement.